Megawatt-level charging is important for medium- and heavy-duty commercial vehicles. These larger commercial vehicles use a lot of energy and often must recharge quickly to avoid costly downtime. Very high-power charging equipment is necessary to quickly recharge the high-capacity batteries in those vehicles. For reference, a long-haul trucker driving a Class 8 tractor would require a 1.6-MW charge to recover 400 miles of charge within a 30-minute break. The SAE J3271, also called the Megawatt Charging System (MCS), aims to meet the unique high-reliability expectations for commercial vehicles (proposed as >99.99% success rate for startup on the first attempt with uninterrupted completion).
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The SAE J3271 charging standard is a standard currently under development for chargers that can provide charging power from 440kW (350A/1250vdc non-cooled) up to 3.75MW (3000A/1250vdc actively cooled). For reference, the direct current (DC) fast chargers used most often for charging light-duty electric vehicles (EVs) are commonly 50kW – 350kW (up to 350/500A-920vdc). SAE J3271 includes standardized coupler (plug) design, communications protocols, and safety requirements to allow interoperability between vehicles, charging stations, charging networks, and the electric grid. To date, most Class 3 or higher EVs use the J1772-combo (CCS) standard. The SAE J3271 standard will complement, not replace, J1772 CCS standards, picking up on charging power where J1772 CCS ends.
Charging standards ensure that vehicles and charging equipment from different manufacturers are compatible with each other, allowing for any standards-compliant charging system to charge any standards-compliant electric vehicle.
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Standards exist for other technologies as well. For example, for 120V grounded wall sockets, the NEMA 5-15 or 5-20 standard is what allows you to plug a phone charger into any 120V wall socket in the U.S. with confidence that your phone will charge safely. Charging standards include many specifications, but some key examples include the number and configuration of the pins on the charger plug as well as safety and reliability requirements.
WHEN WILL TRUCKS AND CHARGERS START USING THE SAE J3271 STANDARD?
Trucks and chargers are being built and field tested in pilot deployments today. The SAE J3271 first draft Technical Information Reference (TIR) standard was published in December 2022. An interoperability testing event for MCS charging stations and vehicles occurred in October 2022 at a heavy-duty electric truck charging site called Electric Island in Portland, Oregon, with several manufacturers participating.
Five coupler and inlet manufacturers have indicated that they will have products shipping to customers in 2023 in pilotdeployments as well as fleet-level deployments under the published TIR J3271 standard in 2024.
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